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The National Fleets of the Spanish American War
By the end of 1865 the United States had perhaps become the world’s foremost naval power with its unmatched fleet of armored monitors, but after the Civil War had ceased to maintain it. By 1874 the...
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Sea-Power in the Seventeenth Century II
But the local balance of maritime trade had changed long before the mid-seventeenth century. In the long period of official truce between Spain and the Turks after 1580, Dutch and English ships...
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Sea-Power in the Seventeenth Century I
Changes in the distribution of sea-power among the states of Europe affected large areas outside Europe more directly than ever before. For Europe’s sea communications had encompassed the world....
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Dreadnought Survival and Renaissance
The Renown class comprised a pair of battlecruisers built during the First World War for the Royal Navy, the Renown and Repulse. The pace of Dreadnought construction among the naval powers continued...
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Carthage’s Navy
CARTHAGE Showing naval port. Carthaginian Tetrere: The Marsala ship. Reconstruction by Michael Leek Punic hepter. The dimensions of the holds of the military port of Carthage permitted only vessels of...
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WWI Cruiser Warfare
Minotaur-class cruiser (1906) first class armoured cruiser, 14,600 tons, 4-9.2in, 10-7.5in Challenger-class cruiser (1902) second class cruiser, 5,880 tons, 11-6in In 1914 the Royal Navy had twelve...
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Ptolemy I & II’s Military Forces
When Alexander left Egypt in 331 BC, he appointed two Egyptians, Doloaspis and Petisis, as governors – the second soon resigned – while Cleomenes of Naucratis, a local Greek, was in charge of...
View ArticleSalamis on Cyprus in 306 BC
Ptolemy’s fleet, the appropriated Phoenician navy, made the Egyptian dynast a powerful force in the Aegean. The strategic location of Rhodes and Cyprus, as we have said, made control of both of them...
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Prince Rupert Admiral and General-at-Sea: Revenge
There would not be another Revenge until the Newbury was renamed in 1660. Like the stunned silence that follows the finale of a dramatic piece of music, or the last act of a great play, a pregnant...
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The Seventeenth Century: The Rise Of Navies
Scale of Royal and other State Navies (displacement tonnage 000s) At the start of the century the commercial exclusivity upon the great waters attempted by Portugal and Spain was already gone. The...
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The Revolutionary American Navy
The American navy played no part in the campaigns. The war created the navy, but it could not call into being a force of great power. The financial resources for a strong navy simply did not exist;...
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Austria-Hungary: An Inland Empire Looks to the Sea II
Bombarding of Ancona by August von Ramberg, depicting Austro-Hungarian battleships shelling the Italian coastline in May 1915 At the turn of the century, Germany’s decision to challenge Britain’s...
View ArticleAustria-Hungary: An Inland Empire Looks to the Sea I
Career of the Tegetthof class In March 1918, a United States navy memorandum characterized the Adriatic Sea as “practically an Austrian lake, in which no Allied naval operations of importance are...
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The Seventeenth Century Iberian Navies
A Van de Velde drawing of a Spanish two-decker of 1664. SPAIN Although the ‘Decline of Spain’ in the seventeenth century has been exaggerated by many historians, the Spanish armada that served Kings...
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Alfred the Great’s Navy
The treaty with Guthrum gave Alfred the breathing space he needed to fortify and revitalize Wessex. As the last outpost of independent England, it was essential for Wessex to have an efficient...
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QUINQUEREMES AND TRIREMES II
“Roman quinqueremes and Lembos biremes, 3rd to 2nd Century BC” “Roman Triremes and Quadriremes, 2nd Century BC” FLEET MEN AND THEIR DUTIES Misenum The fleets and their soldiers fought in wars,...
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QUINQUEREMES AND TRIREMES I
THE ROMAN ARMY AT SEA At Actium Antony’s fleet held out for a long time against Octavian. Only after it had been badly damaged by the high sea which rose against it did it reluctantly, and at the...
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Anglo – Japanese Naval Cooperation 1914 – 1918
Admiral Sato Kozo (seated, center) Commanded a Flotilla of14 Destroyers Based in Malta by Timothy D. Saxon The captain of the attacking submarine achieved complete surprise with his bold midday...
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The Home Fleet Before the Bismarck Breakout I
ON BOARD THE BATTLESHIP HMS PRINCE OF WALES. APRIL 1941. (A 3891) C in C Home Fleet, Vice Admiral J C Tovey, CB, DSO, and the Captain, Captain J C Leach, MVO, RN, on the quarterdeck of HMS PRINCE OF...
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THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN NAVY
Hostilities came too soon for the Imperial Russian Navy, which had a target of 1917 to achieve a fully operational state. The nine years that followed the end of the disastrous war with Japan had been...
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